 |
|
Name: Adult Sample Age: 21 Sex: M Referred By: You Interpret Date: 5/7/99 Test Date: 5/4/99 PHONE (800) 588-9412 FAX (608) 756-5840 MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY - 2 REPORT To aid in diagnosis and treatment planning, Mr. Sample was administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. The following test findings are based on Mr. Sample's responses to a widely used standardized psychological test. As with all such tests, the validity of test results is limited by Mr. Sample's honesty and self-awareness. The following report should be taken as generalized probability statements that are made without benefit of clinical interview or history. Further clinical verification is needed to assist in the interpretation of test findings in light of Mr. Sample's unique history and present circumstances. Since the MMPI-2 is a complicated test with multiple scales that measure similar constructs, at times inconsistencies in test results may occur due to Mr. Sample's different elevations on similar scales. When this occurs, clinical investigation to evaluate his true status is suggested. As the following Psychological Test results were designed primarily for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning purposes, the findings below focus on problems, deficits and pathology and de-emphasize Mr. Sample's strengths. Because of this, use without collaboration, other than for the Clinical screening purpose for which they are intended, may be misleading. The following is a CONFIDENTIAL REPORT meant for qualified Mental Health, Correctional and Substance Abuse professionals. While feedback of test findings to clients is highly encouraged and should be an integral part of therapy and treatment planning, clients should not be given copies of this report as they are probable to misunderstand report contents and their tentative nature. INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING Significant levels of emotional upset are reported which may interfere with memory, concentration, abstraction and judgment. Mr. Sample is not reflective or thoughtful which can limit insight and judgment. He does not try to understand the world in cognitive, rational ways. Concentration difficulties are probable with Mr. Sample being distractible, preoccupied, and inattentive. This may cause Mr. Sample to miss important environmental cues leading to decreased judgment and coping. Mr. Sample is likely to be concrete in his thinking due to personality factors despite his potential level of intellectual functioning as personality factors predispose Mr. Sample to overly focus on detail and miss general trends. Mr. Sample likes clear-cut situations and has trouble dealing with ambiguity, novelty and change. He is an extremely cognitively rigid individual who has fixed ideas from which he has trouble deviating. Mr. Sample may fail to take in additional information or alter his opinion once an idea is formed. Poor judgment and situational misperceptions can result from reacting in terms of these fixed beliefs without seeing if they match the current situation. At this level, delusional ideation may occur. Due to a lack of self-confidence, Mr. Sample may be indecisive and have problems with decision-making. Mr. Sample may show poor planning as he is severely cognitively impulsive. A lack of proper cognitive mediation and/or planning is likely as he often acts without considering consequences or alternative courses of action. Due to his cognitive style, Mr. Sample may have severe difficulty learning by experience and may repeatedly make the same mistakes. Severe racing thoughts and flight of ideas may be occurring which can result in cognitive impulsivity, poor concentration, inattention and misinterpretation of situations. Severe obsessive ruminations and worries are reported that are very likely to disrupt Mr. Sample's cognitive efficiency. Levels of brooding over problems exist to the point where he may lose control of his thought processes. Mr. Sample reports feeling somewhat mentally dull as he reports experiencing increased cognitive inefficiency. Schizotypal features were not present. Thinking is goal-directed and orderly without significant mental confusion. Mr. Sample reports having significant levels of psychotic-like thoughts and sensory experiences with hallucinations, delusions, ideas of reference, and strange physical experiences possible. This should be clinically examined. Significant ego-alien ideas and feelings of unreality are reported that distress Mr. Sample and make him feel as if he is "losing his mind." VALIDITY OF TEST RESULTS In completing the MMPI-2, Mr. Sample answered almost all test questions. In testing, Mr. Sample did not appear to defensively deny having common human faults and weaknesses and was willing to indicate his shortcomings. He showed a lack of defensiveness in testing and made few attempts to portray himself in a positive light. Mr. Sample may not feel that he is as well off as others or may be experiencing situational difficulties that leave him pessimistic. Mild tendencies for Mr. Sample to present himself in an unfavorably negative light were seen in testing. This "fake bad" response set may affect the validity of test findings, as test results are probably a mild overstatement of Mr. Sample's true symptoms/problems. Such a response set may reflect Mr. Sample's experience of true problems, feelings of being overwhelmed by his problems, chronic atypical thought patterns, and/or a compulsive need to be frank. Mr. Sample mildly over emphasized pathology in later portions of the MMPI-2, which would primarily increase Content and Supplementary scales. Testing shows a strong "yea saying" or all true response set that significantly reduces the validity of test findings. Mr. Sample was consistent in answering test questions similarly throughout the test which enhances the probable validity of the test findings given below. EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING In testing, Mr. Sample reports average levels of depression. Clinical symptoms of Depression are unlikely unless severe repression and denial exist that limit his experience of subjective discomfort. Severe levels of dysphoria were described with Mr. Sample being ahedonic. Many physical symptoms/signs of depression are endorsed which suggest a Major Depression. A preoccupation with his physical state may also exist as Mr. Sample denies good health and makes a wide variety of somatic complaints. Obvious indicators of depression were more apparent than subtle indicators indicating that Mr. Sample's true level of depression may be less than what is described. Significant depression is reported on obvious depression items. In contrast, low levels of depression are reported on subtle items. Mr. Sample's level of true depression is significantly less than what he subjectively experiences as he overly focuses on feelings. Severe subjective depression is noted with Mr. Sample being extremely despondent. A mild chronic Dysthymic, "poor me" Victim stance exists where Mr. Sample is overly pessimistic, negative, and adopts a martyr-like role. He may be very pessimistic and make many negative self-statements. Such severe levels of anxiety are reported that Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Attacks, Phobias, ADHD, Mania and PTSD need to be clinically ruled out. Mr. Sample reports being so nervous that he has trouble dealing with everyday stress, pressure, and demands. He easily feels panicky, distraught, and vulnerable due to over evaluating objective danger as Mr. Sample feels threatened by people or events commonly seen as of little or no concern. Mr. Sample is an over-ruminative worrier. Physical symptoms due to autonomic over-arousal can exist. Levels of anxiety reported are probable to interfere with coping skills, increase impulsivity and lead to aversive consequences that produce more anxiety. Mr. Sample's anxiety is in line with his subjective experience. Mr. Sample reports subjectively experiencing severe levels of anxiety and nervousness. Testing shows severe phobias and/or tendencies to develop phobias. A high level of generalized fear is reported that may constrict Mr. Sample's behavior. He tends to be easily scared and is fearful in many situations. Mr. Sample is very phobic with multiple specific fears reported that may lead to avoidance behavior. Severe Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms are endorsed. Mild to moderate levels of present anger are reported with Mr. Sample at times becoming annoyed and provoked by situational factors. Subtle and obvious indices for anger and antisocial tendencies were congruent. Mr. Sample's level of anger is similar to what he reports subjectively experiencing with him neither minimizing nor overly focusing on angry feelings. Mr. Sample now experiences average levels of subjective anger and hostility. He has average difficulty dealing with hostile and aggressive feelings and to an average degree tries to inhibit them. He is exceptionally irritable, quick-tempered and easily angered. Mr. Sample has an average ability to control his anger once evoked. Mr. Sample reports acting in an aggressive manner to an average degree. He has average tendencies to consciously repress feelings once they are experienced. Admitted levels of repression were similar for both subtle and obvious items. When feelings are experienced, Mr. Sample tends to suppress them. He can be over controlled, objective, and detached from his feelings to the point where he may also have difficulty expressing warmth and other positive feelings. Mr. Sample can accept and deal with his own feelings and does not see them as strange or foreign to himself. Impulse control is poor with Mr. Sample impulsively acting out directly on feelings to gain immediate gratification with little forethought of consequences or alternate courses of action. Impulsivity may lead to self-defeating behavior. Mr. Sample does not subjectively feel out of control of his impulses and is not concerned acting out on them. Mr. Sample reports such an extremely high energy level that much scattered, sensation-seeking behavior is likely. Further testing may be needed to rule out Mania or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder if symptoms are not due to substance use. Gross hyperactivity, labile affect and poor self-control are probable. Fearlessness and increased energy may lead to recklessness, poor judgment and sensation-seeking behavior. A significant lack of subjective drive and ambition is reported. Mr. Sample feels a lack of energy and so may not want to engage in activities or complete tasks. He reports normal levels of excitement and restlessness. Psychomotor hyperactivity was not described. Psychomotor acceleration is possible. Subtle indicators of mania were more apparent than obvious indicators which may indicate that Mr. Sample is experiencing a higher level of mania than that described. Above average amounts of Manic symptoms were described in obvious items with severe Manic symptoms reported on subtle, less face valid Mania items. ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE The MMPI-2 reveals significant addiction proneness and possible substance use. Mr. Sample tends to be extroverted, sensation-seeking, and impulsive which may lead to acting out behavior including substance use. Further evaluation for possible alcohol and drug use is indicated. SOMATIC FUNCTIONING Severe current concerns about a wide variety of physical problems is reported which may indicate that Mr. Sample is over concerned about and fixated on his health. Severe GI symptoms are reported by Mr. Sample in testing. Significant neurological problems were described. Problems with physical symptoms that may be organic are not reported. Mild to moderate hypochondriacal complaints, often without a clear organic basis, are probable as Mr. Sample reports numerous physical symptoms. A history of vague physical signs and a preoccupation with bodily functioning is probable. Mr. Sample's symptoms may in part be stress-related as he overly focuses on minor illnesses which causes more concern than would be expected. He does not now feel below par either mentally and physically. No significant tendencies for psychosomatic problems to develop under stress exist. Mr. Sample does not usually use physical symptoms for secondary gain such as to avoid responsibility. Conversion symptoms due to repression are possible, but not probable. Current severe levels of stresses and/or stress proneness can cause real stress-related somatic complaints to develop including cardiovascular and gastric symptoms despite Mr. Sample's tendencies not to somatize. INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONING Mr. Sample is neither overly introverted nor extroverted. Mr. Sample reports mild interpersonal anxiety and discomfort. Mr. Sample reports average levels of social confidence. He questions his ability to effectively deal with and relate to others. Mr. Sample's self-centeredness and/or grandiosity severely limits his sense of empathy. He can be critical of others as he lacks fear of alienating people and causing confrontation. Mr. Sample reports having excessive needs for others' attention. He craves attention to the point where he may act out in order to gain attention. His needs for attention are so exaggerated that he is hard to fill. Average needs for affection, love and intimacy are reported. Mr. Sample's level of suspiciousness and/or social withdraw may interfere with Mr. Sample's ability to meet his needs for love. Mr. Sample is a dominant, persistent individual who likes to take the lead in situations. He may have difficulty following others. Mr. Sample voices an extreme need to be dependent on others. Codependency issues are paramount. Mr. Sample feels he has an average ability to develop rapport and intimacy, as he does not feel he is different from others. He feels misunderstood by others. A mild level of being over sensitive to and vigilant of others was described. No significant discrepancies between subtle and obvious measures of paranoia exist. Mr. Sample projects blame for his problems, sees the world as threatening, and feels that he is unfairly treated. Marked feelings of prosecution are probable. He expects others to be exceedingly untrustworthy, devious and act out for personal profit. He constantly expects others to lie, cheat, and manipulate to gain advantage. Mr. Sample can be overly judgmental and critical. He is a very self-righteous, moralistic, individual who feels that he lives up to high ethical standards. Mr. Sample often has hostile feelings when others do not live up to his standards. He rigidly attempts to follow social rules and conventions to the letter of the law. Mr. Sample can be so rigid and rule oriented that he is judgmental, critical and authoritarian. At times, Mr. Sample may ignore social rules. Mr. Sample's relationships tend to be stormy and conflictual. He has difficulty maintaining a long-term relationship. A substantial number of family problems are reported with Mr. Sample feeling largely unloved and unsupported by his family. Dysfunctional conflictual relationships and severe anger are probable. Severe marital problems are reported with his marriage being extremely conflictual and a major source of stress. Mr. Sample reports having unproductive work attitudes and behaviors that may interfere with work performance and leave him feeling unable to perform his job. An average focus on work was described with Mr. Sample not seeing himself as overly preoccupied with work. Mr. Sample has mild achievement needs and wants higher economic status. SELF IMAGE Mr. Sample is lacking in ego strength, as he often feels overwhelmed and unable to cope with his problems. He is rigid and has trouble adapting to situations. Feelings of failure may cause low self-confidence. Feelings of self-efficacy are poor. Mr. Sample feels very able to cope with his problems and faces them directly without withdrawing into fantasy. He is self critical to a normal degree and can focus both on failures and the positives in himself. Mr. Sample has an average sensitivity to what others think of him. He has an extremely poor self-esteem and feels unattractive and useless. Mr. Sample easily feels rejected as he projects his own feelings of being unattractive and useless. Mr. Sample feels very uncomfortable and unhappy with himself. Extreme guilt and regret are reported. Mr. Sample describes himself as having average levels of characteristics that are stereotypically feminine and denies having any stereotypically masculine qualities. Mr. Sample's repertoire of behaviors is in the average range with him acknowledging having average levels of feminine characteristics. In testing, Mr. Sample subjectively identifies himself as having Average levels of antisocial values and past antisocial acting out. He accepts authority and social standards. Mr. Sample generally does not justify his behavior. He is usually honest and is not opportunistic in the way he deals with others. Mr. Sample may have rejected a previously held value system and have adopted a new one. He is so rigid about his new beliefs that he cannot tolerate others who have beliefs different from his. His religious beliefs are very fundamentalist and/or conservative. Mr. Sample can be so self-righteous that he may fail to see his faults. DEFENSES Denial Rationalization Intellectualization Externalization of blame Acting out PERSONALITY DYNAMICS Mr. Sample is an immature, self-centered individual who expects others to meet his needs. He follows set patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions that he considers to be correct and from which he has trouble deviating. His understanding of social norms and interactions is distorted by self-centeredness; he largely feels above the law and so defies social rules. Mr. Sample escapes into fantasies of success, power, and admiration without taking the necessary actions to achieve his goals. Mr. Sample believes that he is automatically entitled to rewards without accomplishment. Because Mr. Sample needs to feel "special," failure and imperfection easily deflate his grandiose front. His fear of making mistakes often results in indecision and procrastination, which prevent task completion. Mr. Sample sees relationships entirely in terms of what others can offer to him; he acts to gratify his needs immediately and completely without thinking of others' needs. Mr. Sample is intimidating, belligerent, and sarcastic when challenged or not treated as special. Mr. Sample is over intellectualized with racing thoughts, cognitive rituals, preoccupation, and "black or white" dichotomous thinking likely. Mr. Sample can be so strongly focused on details that he often "can't see the forest for the trees." His attention is narrow with Mr. Sample having a strong need for closure. Mr. Sample's energy level is high with pressured, hypomanic behavior possibly occurring. Mr. Sample expends a great deal of energy controlling his feelings, and therefore is pressured and incapable of pleasure. His primary feeling tends to be anger though occasionally he feels intense righteous indignation when others do not live up to his expectations. Mr. Sample responds to criticism with rage or despair, and may brood out of fear of mortification and worthlessness when faced with the possibility of failure. DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS RULE OUT AXIS I Bipolar Affective Disorder I, Manic Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Panic Attacks without Agoraphobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder Adjustment Disorder with Anxious Mood Phobia Post Traumatic Stress Disorder AXIS II PRIMARY PERSONALITY FEATURES SUGGESTED BY THE MMPI-2 Borderline features Obsessive features Narcissistic features Passive Aggressive features TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS Based on Mr. Sample's self-report, the following corrective treatment approaches are recommended. Care should be taken to ensure that these suggestions match Mr. Sample's clinical presentation and history. If test invalidity indicators have been raised (see validity section), these recommendations may not reflect Mr. Sample's true clinical needs. Mr. Sample NEEDS TO BE CHECKED MEDICALLY TO HELP DETERMINE THE EXTENT THAT HIS/HER PHYSICAL CONCERNS ARE GENUINE. Continued communication with his her physician is essential. PSYCHIATRIC REFERRAL FOR EVALUATION FOR PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS IS WARRANTED INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING TYPE(S) OF MEDICATION FOR: ANTIPSYCHOTIC ANTIANXIETY MOOD STABILIZERS As it is likely that Mr. Sample's emotions are interfering with his cognitive processing, immediate interventions to alleviate emotional distress are suggested. Mr. Sample must become more flexible and learn how to develop and choose among alternative ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Stress reduction techniques may help Mr. Sample deal with underlying anxiety and free him to experiment with new behaviors. Mr. Sample needs a confrontive, Reality Therapy approach as strong confrontation may be necessary to overcome his defenses. Mr. Sample will not alter his thought and behavior patterns unless he is held highly accountable. Behavioral techniques such as discrete target behaviors and immediate consequences are suggested to teach Mr. Sample to take responsibility for his actions as he does not connect actions with his consequences. Need for consistency and clarity is all-important with Mr. Sample not allowed to talk his way out of consequences. Rationalizing and intellectualizing must be challenged as Mr. Sample needs to learn that what he does is much more important than his reasons and intentions. Mr. Sample's attempts to dominate and control are prime therapeutic issues. Mr. Sample must develop faith in his ability to cope with situations over which he has little control and gain insight into the historical causes of his power and control issues. Power struggles are to be avoided with consequences given in a matter-of-fact way. Therapists should not accept excuses and rationalizations as Mr. Sample needs to realize that his rebelliousness and "yes but" behavior is self-defeating. Underlying issues of anger and control must be brought directly to the surface and dealt with. A Cognitive Behavioral Criminal Thinking approach is primary as Mr. Sample must alter his Criminal Thought patterns if he is to act prosocially. Use of praise and positive reinforcement is particularly useful as Mr. Sample is more likely to change his behaviors in order to receive praise than he would be to avoid punishment. Unless negative feedback is couched in carefrontational ways, Mr. Sample will ignore and discount it as criticism. A Social Learning component is suggested as Mr. Sample must learn positive, prosocial skills to replace current maladaptive patterns. Mr. Sample now relies on maladaptive tactics to meet his needs with him having few alternative prosocial coping skills. Referral for education, volunteer work, job training, etc. should occur once Mr. Sample develops the social and cognitive skills necessary to be successful. Due to his level of dependency, rebelliousness, and/or need for attention, Mr. Sample is most likely to respond to peer feedback. Therapists should actively approach Mr. Sample due to his strong desires for attention as Mr. Sample is likely to act out negatively if these needs are not met. Use of positive reinforcement should be highly effective, though in the long run Mr. Sample must learn to be more internally directed and less needy of others' attention. Significant environmental support and external structure are vital as Mr. Sample needs external restraints to deter maladaptive behavior. Liaison between Mr. Sample's probation/parole officer, family, AA sponsor, and/or employer is essential. High levels of anxiety are reported that may require Mental Heath evaluation/treatment if they are clinically seen. Stress management techniques and alternate ways of coping with anxiety and anxiety producing situations should be taught. Specific treatment for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is needed if clinically seen. Mr. Sample needs to learn to regulate his moods through use of Cognitive Behavioral techniques and/or medication. AODA use may be a cause of Mr. Sample's moodiness, though conversely, AODA use may be an attempt to self-medicate his emotional liability. Mr. Sample needs to increase impulse control and learn to see his feelings as "red flags" that call for problem solving rather than as imperatives upon which he must act. Use of Cognitive Behavioral techniques to increase cognitive mediation, teaching problem-solving skills, use of imagery and role-playing, frustration/stress inoculation training, and keeping journals to discover impulse triggers are suggested. A Cognitive Behavioral approach to teach Mr. Sample how to acknowledge and then detach from his feelings is necessary since he is prone to acting directly on emotions without thinking. Mr. Sample needs education about the nature of emotions and must learn ways of not immediately responding once feelings arise. Signs of substance abuse or proneness to abuse exist which may require AA or educational programming. Variables: MMPI-2 CLINICAL SCALES: L - 43 F - 61 FB - 62 K - 39 TRIN - 79 TF - 1 VRIN - 50 HS - 64 D - 59 HY - 42 PD - 62 MF - 50 PA - 64 PT - 79 SC - 45 MA - 81 SI - 49 MMPI-2 SUBTLE/OBVIOUS SCALES: DOBVIOUS - 69 DSUBTLE - 32 HYOBVIOU - 59 HYSUBTLE - 52 PDOBVIOU - 66 PDSUBTLE - 64 PAOBVIOU - 56 PASUBTLE - 62 MAOBVIOU - 64 MASUBTLE - 80 MMPI-2 HARRIS LINGOES SUBSCALES: D1 - 64 D2 - 37 D3 - 67 D4 - 62 D5 - 62 HY1 - 51 HY2 - 32 HY3 - 57 HY4 - 62 HY5 - 40 PD1 - 65 PD2 - 42 PD3 - 46 PD4 - 67 PD5 - 77 PA1 - 76 PA2 - 62 PA3 - 36 SC1 - 45 SC2 - 43 SC3 - 65 SC4 - 23 SC5 - 54 SC6 - 45 MA1 - 58 MA2 - 58 MA3 - 59 MA4 - 76 SI1 - 48 SI2 - 37 SI3 - 68 MMPI-2 SUPPLEMENTARY SCALES: A - 73 R - 43 ES - 25 MACR - 65 OH - 55 DO - 65 RE - 32 MT - 68 GM - 15 GF - 49 PK - 77 PS - 78 APS - 58 DY - 88 MDS - 85 ST - 58 REL - 82 PR - 74 SOC - 58 MOR - 56 PHO - 83 CN - 67 ORG - 22 PSY - 68 HOS - 56 HYP - 55 MMPI-2 CONTENT SCALES: ANX - 75 FRS - 70 FRS1 - 68 FRS2 - 73 OBS - 73 DEP - 78 DEP1 - 65 DEP2 - 76 DEP3 - 48 DEP4 - 83 HEA - 75 HEA1 - 78 HEA2 - 67 HEA3 - 34 BIZ - 46 BIZ1 - 56 BIZ2 - 23 ANG - 48 ANG1 - 54 ANG2 - 56 CYN - 77 ASP - 58 TPA - 50 LSE - 83 SOD - 45 FAM - 47 WRK - 72 TRT - 64 SEX - M |
|